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Table 1 Summary of clinical features observed in 23 patients with OLF

From: Thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of ligamentum flavum of which fluorosis as an etiology factor

Symptoms

number of cases

numbness and sensory deficit

22

lower-limb weakness and gait disturbance

21

Low-back pain

8

"squeezing tight band" around chest or abdomen

6

neurological claudication

4

leg pain

12

fecal & urinary incontinence

18

knee and ankle hyperreflexia

18

positive patellar and ankle clonus

14

positive Babinski sign

15